Biyostar / Leonardit

Considering the usage of the soils, to decrease the environmental pollution and the increasing demand of the organic agriculture all around the world, decreased the usage of the nitrogenous and phosphorus trade fertilizers. This made the fact that the usage of the organic fertilizers is more important than the others. By this point, the organic sources in our country are in the amount enough. Leonardit material is one of those sources which makes better the physical, chemical and biologic properties of the soil.

Because of too much plants at the rainy areas,  Leonardit was defined by too many researchers. as sedimentary accumulations of which organic substance is easily recognized and contains a large amount  of rotted substances of ötrophic plants at the bottom of the lakes where the oxygene is lees. They have a plastic structure. Leonardit is a natural organic    material which contains high level of carbon and humic acids, but could not reach to the coal level  Organic substance content of it can reach to a level of value 75%.

Leonardit is a dark coloured and soft, sweet water argillaceous stone. Organic substances in it can be seen more or less. It gathers down in the lakes and moors of which the water is rich of nourishment and oxygen. They are sedimentary sliding rocks which formate in the airless bottoms.

Leonardit is green colour in general, anyway it may also be brown. It becomes  grey when it gets dry. It has an elastic  or rubber structure when it is wet. It is easy breakable against tension  or bending. When it gets  dry, it strongly shrinks and formates low density hard soils.

 In the soil classification systems it takes place in organic soils class. It is divided into sub types varieties. It has got a muddy shape, and has got the clours of grey, grey-brown, and grey black. It is rich of nourish substances oxygene and water organysims. It can be thought as a kind of soil which appears after more solvetion of the plants in alge contain soils. It contains several amount of organic substances.

 When it is compared with the soil, by the point of plant nourishments, Leonardit material is rich of phosphorus (P205), but poor of potassium. (K) .Calcium  carbonat combinations are high, but the soil reactions (pH) are zero. Analysis of micro elements  Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn have been done and were seen that these micro elements exist enough in the soil. It was found out that Leonardit material doesn’t have bor in it which prevents plants growing.

Because of Leonardit contains plant nourishment elements and low toxican elements in it and high humic acid, people insisted on the potential of the usage as a fertilizer. People studied on it by the point of its affects on the plants yield, its fertilizer value, its content of organic substance and evaluation of humic substance in it. Bates and Jackson (1980) reported that the materials of dry coal, torphe, humus and Leonardit, generally contained humic acid in them in the amount of 5% -20%.

The researches proved that humic substances developed the roots growth comparing the sucker development. They are effective on gaining the micro nourish elements by the plants. They make complex with the metal cations, and caused increasing or decreasing in some complexes. Many researches stated that humic substances are effective on the biologic properties of the soil in the environments which have suitable minerals and nourishing substances.